final review questions

Civil War

1) How did the Civil war shape our lives today? – It started us on the road to civil rights and fought for blacks to have equal rights. It created a strong central government and created one nation instead of two. Also changed the face of modern warfare.
2) Name three ways the civil war changed the south: Destroyed their economy, freed the African Americans, and south lost power in the government.
3) What constitutional right did Lincoln suspend? The writ of Habeas Corpus, which was a right to jury before being jailed. He did this because of the Border States who supported the south who would help them. He did it to get rid of the people who were problems.
4) List the four Border States: Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware, Kentucky.
5) Why did West Virginia form? They didn’t want to break from the Union like the rest of Virginia wanted to.
6) What disadvantages did the South face? Not as many men, they weren’t as advanced as them, not as much money and food, and had to ship in their supplies.
7) Why did the confederate states believe they had a right to leave the union? They thought they had a right to leave if they though the government was doing something that was destructive to safety or happiness.
8) What were the three main strategies of the union? Blockade the coast, take control of the Mississippi, and take the south capital, which was in Richmond, Virginia.
9) What was the average age of soldiers who fought in the Civil war? 25
10) What was the outcome of Bull Run? It showed that the civil war wasn’t going to be a short war, but a long bloody battle. Confederate victory.
11) Discuss the battle of Shiloh. In the west. First major battle. 25,000 casualties in three days. Union victory. Grant vs. Johnston.
12) What were Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation Proclamation? It was a political strategy to abolish slavery. It calmed the north and allowed slaves to run away from the south.
13) What did the 13th Amendment do? It abolished slavery.
14) How was the Civil War a rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight? The rich man could pay their way out of fighting, but the poor couldn’t. Politics and rich men initiated the war.
15) Discuss the draft wars in the south: all men were drafted to fight and when called to go, you could pay to get out of it if you had $300.
16) Discuss the importance of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg: Chancellorsville: Lee’s greatest battle. Confederate victory. Stonewall Jackson dies in this battle. The union thought the confederates were retreating, but they were actually attacking. Gettysburg: Union victory. The confederates spent the remainder of the war running away from Grant. Huge casualties.
17) How did Sherman use “Total War” against the south? He marched down the middle and burned everything in the past. He destroyed all the south’s supplies and support.
18) Who were the Presidents of the Confederacy and the United States during the Civil War? Confederate: Jefferson Davis. Union: Abraham Lincoln.
19) What, exactly, did the Emancipation Proclamation do? Presented hope that the slaves would be freed in states that was in rebellion to the union.
20) In an essay discuss why the Civil War is considered “The Cross Roads of our [United States] being? It brought the United States together. If confederates had won, we would have still been separated. We have a strong central government. It put the African American’s on the road to equal rights.
21) 13th amendment: Abolish slavery.
14th amendment: equal rights. It was interpreted that privately owned business treated the blacks as slaves still.
15th amendment: blacks could vote. They threatened people so they wouldn’t want to vote and they put a tax on it.
18th amendment: banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
19th amendment: It gave women the right to vote.

22) How many people died in the civil war? Over 600,000
23) Dates: April 1861- April 1865
24) People:
Albert Sidney Johnson: Led people to the west in the battle of Shiloh. Died from getting shot in the back of the knee. Serves under Lee. Confederate general.
Ulysses S. Grant: Union general. Came out as one to win war. Lee surrenders to him. Became the 18th president and wasn’t a good one.
Joe Johnston: Confederate general in the first battle of Bull Run.
Joe Hooker: Union General. Fought in the battle of Chancellorsville. Lots of men in battle. He died by a cannon. He was replaced by grant right before the battle of Gettysburg.
Tecumseh Sherman: He introduced total war in Sherman’s March to the sea. He thought that in order to defeat an army he had to destroy the support, which is what he did.
Robert E. Lee: main confederate general. Led forces in north Virginia. Surrenders to Grant. He is held to legendary status, which is ironic because he fought for the south that lost and were against slavery. He won almost every battle he fought in.
Thomas Stonewall Jackson: confederate general who dies in the battle of Chancellorsville, and it’s thought that if he didn’t die, the confederates would have won that battle. Well-known general.
James Longstreet: Confederate General. Lee’s right hand man in Gettysburg. Lee always listens to him, but didn’t when he suggested to not do pickets charge, which caused them to lose.

Don't know much about history: World War II

1) Why did FDR want to pack the Supreme Court? Did it work? Do you think this was constitutionally correct?

· So they would be in favor the new deal so it could get passed. It didn’t work and it wasn’t really constitutionally correct.

2) What is a theory about Amelia Earhart's death? Why was she important?

· That Japanese shot her down, and there was another one that she ran out of fuel and crashed into the ocean. She was the first female to cross the Atlantic, she was going to go across the world but she didn’t make it. A model of a rugged feminism.

3) What was Lend-Lease?

· America would lend tanks, warplanes, and ships that could be returned in kind after the war. He granted un presidented powers to aid any country whose defense was deemed vital to any defense.

4) Discuss the BATTLE OF BRITAIN.

· It was a 16-week air war, which caused Britain more then 900 planes and thousands of civilian lives, Germany lost 1700 aircrafts. England was about to run out of the cash it needed to keep their defense alive.

5) What were some of the reasons isolationists wanted to stay out of the war?

· They didn’t want the ammunition makers making a large profit.

6) What was the traditional definition of Fascism? Who were the Fascists of Europe in the 30s?

· A military dictatorship built on racist and power for the nationalistic foundations generally with the broad support the business class. They were people who didn’t like other governments. Hitler and Mussolini.

7) Who were the Axis Powers?

· Germany, Japan, and Italy.

8) In what year and month did Japan invade Perking?

· July, 1937.

9) What were the aggressive actions of Germany and Italy before the start of WWII?

· They marched into Austria and Hitler declared Austria re-untied with Germany. And he demanded the Sudeten land in Czechoslovakia and then they took the rest of Czechoslovakia and then he took Poland. And everywhere in Western Europe.

10) What are the two views of Pearl Harbor?

· The first was that FDR was preoccupied with the war in Europe and didn’t want war with Japan. The other one is that he wanted to be in the war and he knew about the attacks and that Japan was going to do something.

11) What does Japan cite as reasons to go to war?

· America stopped giving them oil. And America loaned money to the nationalists in china.

12) What is the date of Pearl Harbor?

· December 7^th, 1941

13) What is the date of D-Day?

· June 6^th, 1944

14) What was the cost of World War II?

· More than 38,000,000 people died. 22 million from Russia, 3.5 million Germans, 1.2 million Japanese a lot were soldiers, 300,000 in the united states.

15) What was the Yalta Conference?

· It was the moping up meeting between Winston Churchill, FDR, and Joseph Stalin. They met in Yalta.

16) What did Stalin demand in return for his agreement to enter the war against Japan?

· The soviets would control Manchuria and Mongolia and would be ceded half a Sakhalin Island and Kurile Islands, off northern Japan; a Soviet occupation zone would be created in Korea; and in the United Nations, a veto power would be given to the major nations, of which the Soviet Union was one, along with the United States, Great Britain, France, and China.

17) What is FDR's legacy?

· He was the indispensable man of his time, which was the Depression and WWII. The new Deal, and the first 100 days. He was a near dictator, he had a lot of power, WPA, NRA

18) Did the U.S. have to drop Atomic weapons on Japan? List the various PROs and CONs to this argument.

· Yes, If they hadn’t they would have had to invade Japan and many American lives would have been lost. It was bad because if they dropped it out of the plane and it didn’t explode then the Japanese resistance would have been a lot less.

19) How did the Cold War start?

· The idea that we have a nuclear bomb and we have it and we are not afraid to loose it, the big stick. And it was the build up of nuclear weapons on each side.

Don't know much about history: Boom to Bust to Big Boom

1) Name five important books of the 1920s.

· Gatsby, three soldiers, main street, Babbitt, Arrow smith and Elmer gantry

2) What was the first "talkie"? How did it change America?

· The jazz singer, it was a multi million dollar production, and Hollywood became “Hollywood.”

3) Discuss the "Red Scare of 1919".

· It was the idea that anything slightly tainted by socialism was dangerous. So foreigners started being deported.

4) What was the 18th amendment? Why was it enacted? How did it go wrong?

· It prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxication liquors. It was supposed to be an answer to social instability and moral decline at the beginning of the 21st century. There were a lot of riots and organized crime skyrocketed. The invention of illegal things such as bath tub gin and moonshine were created to compensate for the decline of legal alcohol which in the end the amendment didn’t stop or end alcoholism and alcohol related deaths because if people wanted a drink they drank.

5) Who were Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul?

· Together they set up the NWSA, Susan B. Anthony was called the napoleon of women’s rights, and they were women activists. They pushed for reforms in New York and continued to urge the vote for women at the national level; they thought it was just as important as black people being able to vote.

6) What is important about Henry Ford? How did he change America?

· He revolutionized the automobile industry. He perfected the assembly line and the versions of the automobiles. He came out with the first Model T. The American dream of freedom on the open road became a reality.

7) What is important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times?

· He was the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic. It took him 33 hours. He was a symbol of “do anything” American inventiveness.

8) What were "pool operators" and how were they crooked?

· They were schemers. They would make stock prices go up really high and then they would con someone into buying their stocks at a high price and then the stock would go way down and they would take that money and run.

9) How were stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash?

· They got inflated because every one was buying them and then they would borrow money from the brokers who would borrow money from the bank and then they wouldn’t be able to pay them back so then the banks closed which was the crash.

10) What was Black Thursday and Black Tuesday?

· On black Thursday 13 million stocks were sold and then Black Tuesday more than 16 million stocks were sold.

11) What was Hoover's view of Government relief programs?

· That they need to stay out of the problems and they need just let things work themselves out and that hope and good/happy times were around the corner.

12) What was the "Bonus Army"?

· 10,000 veterans went to Washington D.C. because they were supposed to be getting a bonus in a couple years and they wanted it now so they led a riot.

13) What happened during the "Hundred Days"?

· It was the new deal, which was FDR’s attempt to bring the economy back up by making government funded programs that employed the people in order to bring the economy back up.

14) What was the WPA and what did it do?

· Workers progress administration. It was set up for federal construction projects. It also set up artistic projects that employed thousands of musicians, writers and artists.

15) What were Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important?

· It was where FDR did radio broadcasts about what was going on in the government and it made the people feel more secure

Chapter 18 study questions

7.) It allowed them to transport goods all over the country, and they could bring food and supplies to the workers.

8.) It began in Victoria, Texas.

9.) Fertile land, for farming, and the buffalos.

10.) African American settlers, who migrated from southern states into Kansas in the late 1870’s.

11.) There was a lack of moisture, flash floods would wipe out all their crop, and when they planted it down deep the plants would not produce large crop yields.

12.) They slaughtered them, to feed the crews who were building the railroads, and to get them out of the way of the railroad.

13.) Oklahoma

14.) He was the Apache leader who was stuck on an Arizona reservation, he led raids against settlers in the army in Arizona. He escaped to Mexico.

15.) It prevented them from getting into debt. It offered farmers education, fellowship, and support.

16.) Free silver

17.) It created large cities including Denver, but there were many ghost towns as well, and boom towns. Virginia city became very popular.

18.) They needed railroads to transport their cattle.

19.) They got into debt and lost their lands, the cost of crops went down, while the prices to buy went state high.

20.) Actions:

-Put them on reservations
-They forced them to adopt the white ways, like education
- The united states army attacked them

21.) Montana

22.) North-east part of Montana

23.) In the north east part of Arizona

Civil War Journey Questions

1) A) One of the North’s strategies was to take the offensive and blockade the southern ports. B) The Confederate’s Ironclad warships were called blockade runners. C) The war was broke up into three parts: the union, or north; the south, or confederates; and the boarder states, who weren’t completely sure which side to support. D) Lincoln suspended the right of Habeas Corpus which was sort of like the draft where it was a law that said men between 18 and 35 had to serve in the army for three years.

2) 2) 1861-1865

3) 3) They fought on familiar territory; Strong support its white population gave to the war; and defending their land, homes, and way of life.

4) 4) Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States, and Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy.

5) 5) She helped out with the medical part of the war. She supplied the doctors with bandages and medical supplies; she kept the doctors going and gave aid to many. She also started the American Red Cross and served as its president for 20 years.

6) 6) So it would stop their selling of cotton to Britain and that way they didn’t get money which would help support the war. Also because it stopped the import of infantry and food to the south from Britain.

7) 7) The Union won.

8) 8) It was to free all enslaved African Americans in the South.

9) 9) In the south African Americans labored on plantations and in vital iron, salt, and lead mines as well as nurses in military hospitals and cooks in the army. In the north a lot of African Americans joined the Navy because they weren’t allowed to join the army. However, in 1862 congress passed a law that allowed African Americans to join the Union army, and they did.

10) 10) It ended slavery in the south, and the slaves were the ones who picked cotton, which was their main economy.

11) 11) That the Confederate soldiers had to lay down their arms, and were free to go home on their horses. Grant also ordered three days worth of food to be sent to Lee and his troops.

12) 12) By organizing 48 Virginia counties which then got them considered as a separate state called West Virginia.

13) 13) It was vital to the South because it was one of its main shipping lines. The north thought they needed to take it over so that way the south couldn’t use it anymore to ship goods and also to split the Confederacy.

14) 14) They saw them as more people to fight in the war. Also because they didn’t really have a life to the Americans, so it wasn’t a huge loss if they died, especially in the north.

15) 15) I think he was affective because he knew when and where to attack; ha had good timing. He also took risks which worked for him a lot of the times, and he had a group of men who were extremely motivated to fight.

16)

Event	Year	Significance
Attack on Fort Sumter	April 12, 1861	The Union surrendered Fort Sumter to the Confederates. No one died.
Monitor v. Merrimack	March 9, 1862	It was a naval war between two ironclad ships. They weren’t able to sink one, but the Merrimack was kept in the harbor, so the North sort of won.
Emancipation Proclamation issued	January 1, 1863	It was a document that would free all enslaved African Americans from the south.
Lincoln is reelected	(October) 1864	He was the right guy to be in office when the war ended.
Appomattox Court House	April 9, 1865	Lee and his troops surrender to Grant, officially ending the war.

17) 17) Cemetery Ridge

18) 18) Ewell

19) 19) Ewell, Lee, Hill, Longstreet, and Pickett.

Don't know much about history questions (Civil War)

1) Why does the author suggest that John Brown had a sense of humor?

Buchanan put a price of $250 for Brown’s head, and Brown responded by saying that Buchanan’s head was worth $2.50.

2) What was John Brown's plan?

His plan was to march south, arm the slaves who would flock to his crusade, and establish a black republic in the Appalachians to wage war against the slaveholding south.

3) Why did John Brown become a symbol?

He became a symbol because he gathered up a black and white army and attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry on the Potomac River, which was a ‘suicidal’ course of action. He was later hanged for his beliefs and David Thoreau and Emerson compared him to Christ.

4) When and why did South Carolina succeed from the Union?

They succeeded in 1860 because they were unhappy that Lincoln, a Republican, became president.

5) List some of the advantages of the North at the beginning of the war. List some of the advantages of the South at the beginning of the war.

Advantages of North: Had 23 states with 22 million people while south had 11 states and 9 million people; they out produced the south in agricultural products and livestock holdings; they were able to increase their wartime supplies and ship them efficiently by rail, while the south had to purchase weapons, ships, and arms from foreign sources.

Advantages of South: Home-field advantage; produced vast amounts of cotton raised by slave labor;

6) List some of the (5) famous battles of the Civil War with a brief description of each.

1) The first battle of Bull Run: The confederates win and the North realizes that it’s not going to e a 90 day war, so congress passes the first income-tax law.

2) Battle of Antietam: It was a crucial win for the north. If they hadn’t won, the war would have been over. It was really a tie through military standpoint, but North claimed victory and Lincoln issued his emancipation proclamation.

3) Battle of Chancellorsville: casualties exceed 10,000 men for both sides. Lee’s army defeats Hooker’s army of the Potomac. Stonewall Jackson is shot by his own confederate soldier and dies the next day from pneumonia.

4) The Battle of Gettysburg: The Confederates were in search of shoes and then met up with the Union. Battle was fought in three days and it marked the final turning point in the war. The Union took the defensive position and turned back the Confederates, and Lee returns to Virginia.

5) The Battle of Five Forks/Appomattox Courthouse: Lee withdraws from Petersburg and the Union takes Richmond. Lee is faced with starvation and surrenders to Grant at the Village of Appomattox Courthouse. The terms of surrender are generous and the Confederates are allowed to leave on their horses and retain their side arms, but everything else has to be surrendered. This is the last battle of the Civil War.

7) How do you view Lincoln's suspension of "the writ of habeas corpus"? I think it was important he did so because it would help save blacks because the south was after them because Lincoln had issued the emancipation proclamation.

8) What if Lee's plan had not been found at the battle of Antetiem?

Then the Union wouldn’t have known his plans of splitting up his army and their positioning, and the South would have had a better chance of winning.

9) What was the reconstruction?

It would readmit the states after they had ratified the thirteenth amendment, abolishing slavery, which had been passed in December 1865.

10) Why did the Klu Klux Klan form?

They wanted to intimidate both blacks and “liberal” white Republicans. They did so by organizing a Klan that was lead by former commanders, soldiers, and leaders of the Confederacy as well as southern churchmen, and they would lynch, beat, burn, and commit other forms of political terrorism. They didn’t like or want any blacks in the politics.

11) Discuss Andrew Johnson's impeachment.

The constitution stated that the president, vice president, and civil officers would be impeached if they committed treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Johnson tried to dismiss War Secretary Edwin M. Stanton, an ally of the Radical Republicans, which went against the Tenure of Office Act which prohibited the president from dismissing any official who had been appointed with Senate consent without first obtaining Senate approval.

Don't know much about History: Study Questions

1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
He is saying that a rebellion every now and then is a good thing because it reminds them that everything is not always peaceful and that they need to be reminded of how everyone is free to do as they will, but freedom is to an extent, and that there is sometimes a price to pay. It’s also ironic because he is one of the main people in the government and he is saying it is okay for people to rebel against the government.

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
It happened because the economy was going downhill, many farmers were seized to pay off debt-Their land was getting taxed, and the veterans were still awaiting their “bonuses”. When the police looked to the militia to help defend the debt courts against angry crowds, they sided with the farmers.

3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises. Balancing political idealism with political expediency; between small and large states, north and south; slave states; and abolitionist states. Congress couldn’t take action to control slavery for twenty years; slaves would be counted as 3/5 person; they could later amend the constitution. Slaves, How presidents are elected, how everyone is represented in congress.

4) What was the Virginia Plan?
To have a two-chamber legislature; an executive chosen by legislature; and a judiciary also named by the legislature.

5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
Slaves

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
See Packet.

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay—they were trying to influence the ratification debate.

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
1) Seperation of Church and State; Freedom of speech and press
2) The right to bear arms and form militia
3) Soldiers couldn’t be housed in a private home without permission of the home owner.
4) Right to be free from “unreasonable search and seizure”
5) Provides for laws concerning prosecution, including the requirement of a grand-jury indictment and the protection from testifying against oneself.
6) Discusses trial by jury; Speedy Trial where crime has been committed.
7) Civil trial by Jury.
8) Prohibits Cruel and unusual punishment.
9) Defines the rule of the construction of the constitution.
10) Guarantees that any powers not specifically delegated to the federal government of denied to the states in the constitution rest with the states of the people.

9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
White adult land owning Males
10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac? It was an agreement because they wanted it to be closest to Virginia because it was the biggest state. It was an agreement between Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton at a private dinner.
11) What did Jay's Treaty do? A treaty to avoid war with the British

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
It was a rebellion in response to harsh whisky tax, led by George Washington. It was put down because they had no people and it was pathetic.

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
It was supposed to be between Jefferson and Atoms, then it becomes a tie between Jefferson and Burr, who are of the same party. Hamilton eventually convinces the House, who were mainly federalists, to vote for Jefferson.

14) Who was John Marshall?
Chief Justice, head judge, of the Supreme Court, and made it what it is today.

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.? They didn’t have the resources to fight off the Americans because they were fighting in Europe and all over the world. Napolean depended on Haiti to regain land, but they lost it.

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
They left from St. Louis and moved west in search for western expantion under direction from Jefferson. It took them three years. They mapped the area.

17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end? He argued that Jefferson should win the election. Yes I think he was right because he was on Jefferson’s side. It ended in a duel between Hamilton and Burr, and Hamilton died.

18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do? It was a law restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade. It was unpopular because a lot of trade was done with Britain and other major powers, so it lowered the American economy and made it so a large part of their trade was shut down.

19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
He tried to unite all the Natives along the coast to fight along the white people.

20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
It was between U.S. forces and Indian confederation. It was because the Indians kept saying they would fight the Americans if they didn’t back off, so the Americans attacked first. Americans won, but had a lot of casualties.

21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
When people win, it’s decided by the treaty. In this treaty nothing happened, and everything was left as it was before the war.
22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
Last major battle of the war. They didn’t know that the war was over, so they kept fighting.

23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
Americas were no longer open to European colonization and that America would be the only power in the west.

24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
It said that no states north of Missouri could own slaves. Only the south states including Missouri could own slaves.

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"? It was decided in the house of representatives. It was the only election since the passing of the 12 amendement that was decided this way because there was no majority in the electoral college.

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
Murderer, slave owner, adulterer, orphan, frontiersman, horse racing man, Indian-fighter, war hero, land speculator.

27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President? Andrew Jackson was not an Indian hater, he just wanted land, and the Indians had it. He wasn't the biggest fan of their people, but racism wasn't his driving motivation. He was called 'long knife'. He fought in the Creek War and the white people won that won, removing the Creek from half of their lands. He fought against the Seminoles, which he also won, and Florida's land was sold cheap. He also fought in the war of 1812, which is now considered a draw. His 'policy' as president was to tell the Natives either assimilate, leave, or get killed.

28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
He worked his way up from being very poor to being extremely rich and in a position of power.